Which vitamin is crucial for preventing neural tube defects in the fetus?

Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, arise when the neural tube does not close properly during early pregnancy. Folic acid plays a vital role in DNA synthesis and cell division, which are critical processes during the rapid development of the fetus in the early stages of pregnancy.

Adequate intake of folic acid before conception and during the first trimester is strongly recommended for all women of childbearing age, as it significantly reduces the risk of such defects. Healthcare providers often advise women to supplement with folic acid in addition to a balanced diet, as it may not always be sufficient to meet the required levels through diet alone.

Other vitamins listed, such as Vitamin A, C, and D, have important roles in maternal and fetal health but are not specifically linked to the prevention of neural tube defects in the way that folic acid is. Thus, emphasizing folic acid's critical role highlights its importance in fetal development and prenatal care.