When is routine screening for gestational diabetes typically performed?

Routine screening for gestational diabetes is typically performed between 24-28 weeks of gestation. This timing is based on the understanding that the risk of developing gestational diabetes increases in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. At this stage, hormonal changes can lead to insulin resistance, making it crucial to screen expecting mothers to identify those who may require management to avoid complications for both the mother and the fetus.

The screening usually involves a glucose challenge test, where the pregnant individual is given a sugary drink and their blood sugar levels are monitored afterward. If elevated levels are found, further testing (such as a glucose tolerance test) may be conducted to confirm the diagnosis of gestational diabetes.

Earlier screening, such as at the first prenatal visit or between 10-14 weeks of gestation, is typically not done unless the patient has high risk factors for gestational diabetes (e.g., obesity, previous gestational diabetes, family history). Conducting tests after 30 weeks is less ideal, as treatment options would need to be implemented sooner for the health of both mother and child, ideally before this stage.