What is the name of the test that assesses fetal lung maturity?

The test that assesses fetal lung maturity is the Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio. This test measures the levels of two specific phospholipids in the amniotic fluid, which are lecithin and sphingomyelin. Lecithin is produced by the fetal lungs and indicates the presence of surfactant, a substance crucial for keeping the alveoli in the lungs open and reducing the risk of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns.

As pregnancy progresses, the ratio of lecithin to sphingomyelin typically increases, particularly as the fetus approaches full term. A higher L/S ratio indicates greater fetal lung maturity, suggesting that the fetus is likely to be able to breathe successfully after birth. Assessing this ratio can help healthcare providers anticipate potential complications related to immature lungs, especially in cases of preterm labor.

The other tests mentioned are used for different purposes. For example, the glucose tolerance test is primarily utilized to screen for gestational diabetes, while non-stress tests and fetal heart rate monitoring assess fetal well-being during pregnancy but do not provide information on lung maturity.